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CLL (2724)
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munafdesai
2006-12-13 21:49
INCTR - EBMWG Hematopathology Online
M/61 yrs old, a known case of diabetes, came to surgical OPD for I&D on rt thumb swelling, CBC showed high total WBC count; 71,000/cumm, Diff; poly-10%, Ly-84%, Mo-4%, Eo-1%, Baso-1% most of the lymphocytes are mature lymphocyte, no palpable spleen & no lypmphadenopathy,  
In my opinion this is CLL stage-0(Rai classification), but some of my physician/pathologist friends avoid use of term CLL in this type of cases & prefer to say ‘absolute lymphocytosis ‘ as no treatment is required for CLL stage-0 & only follow up is recommended. I also agree with this policy, but it looks very odd to say absolute lymhocytosis when total wbc count & absolute lymphocyte count is >50,000/cumm, please give your comments.  
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sachin
2006-12-14 05:30
The diagnosis of B-CLL is established by the following  
criteria:  
Sustained increase of peripheral blood lymphocytes  
>5*10^9cells/l not explained by other clinical  
disorders.  
Predominance of small, morphologically mature  
lymphocytes in the blood smear.  
Immunophenotyping: The composite immunophenotype  
CD5 + , CD23 + , CD20 dim + , sIg dim + ,  
FMC- allows one to distinguish most cases of  
B-CLL from other CD5 + B-cell lymphoma. The  
Matutes score may be helpful in this regard.  
Lymph node biopsy: Histological confirmation is  
recommended whenever an enlarged, accessible, peripheral  
lymph node allows the procedure without  
additional risk.  
The following additional examinations are recommended  
for the initial evaluation [V, D]:  
Physical examination including a careful palpation  
of all lymph node areas.  
LDH, b2-microglobulin, bilirubin, serum–protein  
electrophoresis, Coombs test.  
Chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasound or computer  
tomography.  
 
(http://annonc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/16/suppl_1/i50)  
aorazi
2006-12-14 16:10
A patient with this degree of absolute lymphocytosis can probably be diagnosed as "compatible with CLL". This of course, only if the lymphocytosis is persistent and there is not an other possible cause (e.g. significant "isolated" lymphadenopathy and/or splenomegaly). Advanced Rai stages must be confirmed by immunophenotyping. I found hard to believe however, that the lymph nodes are not at least slightly "palpable".  
 
A few observations: from your pics one does not get the feeling for how many smudge cells (see pics 7 to 10) there are on the PB smear as well as the overall amount of the lymphocytosis. The cytologic characteristic of the cells depictes seem to be compatible with CLL (with the caveat that fig. 3 shows a slight nuclear notch-- not unusual, just not so typical). One has to see many more cells to pass a overall judgment.  
 
My practical advice: in the absence of further "technology" to bear on the case, I would recommend --as a minimum-- bone marrow aspirate and biopsy to confirm a CLL picture. If flow is available, PB findings plus flow would then suffice.
SergeyN
2006-12-14 19:03
Cytology looks like CLL, though nuclear irregularities are rather pronounced.  
 
By the way, Rai 0 patients must have neither anaemia nor thrombocytopenia. If CT is not available, at least abdominal ultrasound and thorax Rtg should be done, there could be surprises. And I second the opinion that usually with such blood count there are peripheral lymph nodes, smallish but involved and thus histologically informative.
ffrenchma
2006-12-17 18:56
A 61 yrs old man with an isolated lymphocytosis (we assume that hemoglobin and platelet count are normal) without splenomegaly nor lymphadenopathy. Cytology shows monomorphic small lymphocytes; I agree with phatale69 to only say "chronic lymphoproliferative disease" before immunophenotyping. If immunophenotyping confirm the CLL diagnosis I will say CLL even for a stage 0.  
I think that "absolute lymphocytosis" is not a diagnosis because there is no notion of malignancy or of chronicity. We must follow recommandations of the international classifications as closely as possible and the clinicians have to perform the staging. Diagnosis terminology is not to be modified by the staging and treatment options.
munafdesai
2006-12-19 21:53
Thanks everyone. HB & platelet count were normal & USG sonography-NAD-normal size spleen.
hurwitz
2006-12-25 16:02
The case prompted a good discussion on some basic principles, such as the importance to follow recommendations of international classifications as closely as possible (M.Ffrench). Attilio Orazi and Sergey Nikulshin suggested a bone marrow and lymphnode biopsy as a source of additional information in the absence of immunophenotyping, which of course is the most important diagnostic tool in this case.  
The proposed diagnosis: Chronic Lymphoproliferative Disorder. CLL,can not be excluded, but needs further confirmation.  
 
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Last modified: 2006-12-13 21:49:40